Although Alberta has a presence in many industries such as agriculture, forestry, education, tourism, finance, and manufacturing, the politics and culture of the province have been closely tied to the production of fossil energy since the 1940s. Alberta—with an estimated 1.4 billion cubic metres of unconventional oil…

The economy of the Western Cape in South Africa is dominated by the city of Cape Town, which accounted for 72.4% of the Western Cape's economic activity in 2023. The single largest contributor to the region's economy is the financial and business services sector, followed by manufacturing.

Hydro-Québec (French pronunciation: [idʁo kebɛk]) is a Canadian Crown corporation public utility owned by the Provincial government of Quebec headquartered in Montreal, Quebec. It manages the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Quebec, as well as the export of power to portions of the Northeast…

Vitol (pronounced Vee-Tol) is a Swiss-based Dutch multinational energy and commodity trading company that was founded in Rotterdam in 1966 by Henk Viëtor. Vitol has over 40 offices worldwide, with its largest operations in Geneva, Houston, London, and Singapore.

Photovoltaics (PV) is the conversion of light into electricity using semiconducting materials that exhibit the photovoltaic effect, a phenomenon studied in physics, photochemistry, and electrochemistry. The photovoltaic effect is commercially used for electricity generation and as photosensors.

The State Electricity Commission of Victoria (SEC, SECV or ECV) is a government-owned electricity company in Victoria, Australia. Originally established to generate electricity from the state's reserves of brown coal, the SEC gradually monopolised most aspects of the Victorian electricity industry, before being broken…

Saudi Arabia has a high-income developing economy highly reliant on its petroleum sector. Oil and gas account for approximately 22.3% of Saudi GDP and 55% of government revenue, with substantial fluctuations depending on oil prices each year.

The electricity sector in the Philippines provides electricity through power generation, transmission, and distribution to many parts of the country. The Philippines is divided into three electrical grids, one each for Luzon, the Visayas and Mindanao.

Australia has a highly developed mixed economy. As of 2026, Australia was the 12th-largest national economy by nominal GDP (gross domestic product), the 22nd-largest by PPP-adjusted GDP, and was the 21st-largest goods exporter and 24th-largest goods importer.

Indonesia has a mixed economy with dirigiste characteristics. It is one of the emerging market economies in the world and the largest in Southeast Asia.