Polycrystalline silicon
Polycrystalline silicon, or multicrystalline silicon, also called polysilicon, poly-Si, or mc-Si, is a high-purity, polycrystalline form of silicon, used as a raw material by the solar photovoltaic and electronics industry. Polysilicon is produced from metallurgical grade silicon by a chemical purification process,…
Discovery Program
The Discovery Program is a series of Solar System exploration missions funded by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) through its Planetary Missions Program Office. The cost of each mission is capped at a lower level than missions from NASA's New Frontiers or Flagship Programs.
Space dust measurement
Space dust measurement refers to the study of small particles of extraterrestrial material, known as micrometeoroids or interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), that are present in the Solar System. These particles are typically of micrometer to sub-millimeter size and are composed of a variety of materials including…
Carbon emission trading
Carbon emission trading (also called carbon market, emission trading scheme (ETS) or cap and trade) is a type of emissions trading scheme designed for carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs). A form of carbon pricing, its purpose is to limit climate change by creating a market with limited allowances…
Energy transition
An energy transition (or energy system transformation) is a major structural change to energy supply and consumption in an energy system. Currently, a transition to sustainable energy is underway to limit climate change.
NRG Energy
NRG Energy, Inc. is an American energy company, headquartered in Houston, Texas.
Limitation of the Vend
The Limitation of the Vend was a historic price fixing cartel of coal mine owners of north east England. Its principal customers were ships' captains who purchased cargoes of coal and aimed to resell them in other parts of England; but above all in London which, by becoming the planet's first large mineral-fuelled…
Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy is thermal energy extracted from the Earth's crust. It combines energy from the planet's formation and from radioactive decay.
Constellation Energy
Constellation Energy Corporation is an American energy company headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland. The company provides electric power, natural gas, and energy management services.
Open energy system models
Open energy-system models are energy-system models that are open source. These models can also be known as open energy models or open-source energy-system models or some combination thereof.